Educational and mental measurement : modified syllabus of Indian Universities/B.Ed Training Institutes and Colleges/Department of Education. Yogesh Kumar Singh

Preface
1. Mental Measurement: Role in Education And Classroom Teaching
Early Recognition of the Need for Tests in the Classroom
2
Meaning of Educational Evaluation 2
General Characteristics of Educational Tests 5
Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced
Measurement 22
Summary of Evaluation Categories 27
Mental Measurement: Background of Educational
Measurement
Measurement to 1800 32
Educational Testing From 1800 to 1900 34
Educational Measurement and Evaluation
From 1900 to the Present 36
Present Status of Educational and Mental
Measurement and Evaluation 43
3. Mental Measurement: Test Item- Simple Forms
Short-Answer Items 46
Advantages and Limitations of Short-Answer
Items 49
Constructing Classroom Tests 50
Suggestions for Constructing Matching
Exercises 69
4. Mental Measurement: Test Item-Multiple
Choice Forms
Characteristics of Multipie-Choice Items
75
Measuring Knowledge Outcomes 76
vili
Checklist for Reviewing Multiple-Choice
Educational and Mental Measurem
Items
5.
Mental Measurement: Test Items-The
Essay Test
Forms and Uses of Essay Questions 107
Checklist for Reviewing Essay Questions 122
Mental Measurement: Achievement Tests
Reading 136
Customized Achievement TESTS 151
7. Mental Measurement: Aptitude Test
Achievement and Aptitude Tests 153
Types of Learning Measured: The Ability
Spectrum 154
Scholastic Aptitude and Learning Ability 156
8. Mental Measurement: Planning the Classroom Test
Content Outline for a Weather Unit 183
9. Mental Measurement: Validity
Nature of Validity 220
Nature of the Group and the Criterion 252
10. Mental Measurement: Reliability and
Other Desired Characteristics
Nature of Reliability 255
11. Mental Measurement: Measurement of
Central Tendency
Arithmetic Mean (M) 289
12. Mental Measurement: Correlation
Linear Correlation 303
13. Mental Measurement: Measures of Variability
Different Measures of Variability or
Dispersion 316
Average Deviation (AD) 317
14. Mental Measurement: Test Scores and Norms
Methods of Interpreting Test Scores 329